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DowntheLadder.org complements the many blogs that share novel ways to save money and set budgets. What makes this website different is a 360 degree approach to wealth building.

Budgeting and saving money are the most important first steps to becoming wealthy, but without complementary lessons on debts generally, mortgages specifically, consumer rights, inflation, credit, taxes, and even the way that you think about investments it is much more difficult to become truly wealthy.

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Essay: Homebuyers and Final Settlement

If you have never bought a house before, or you have bought one but were confused by some of the charges that accompanied the final settlement, the discussion below may help shed some light on the process.  Many of the items are illustrative of what to expect; some final settlement charges vary by state.  Most homebuyers will nonetheless get ...Read More

Essay: Taxes and Inflation: What if You had to Choose?

Most anyone who is not-yet-rich understands that it is not easy to get rich (without lottery winnings, rich uncles, unique inventions, or magic beans); however, the mechanics of the difficulty may not be on the forefront of every reader’s mind.

The twin evils of taxes and inflation combine with one another to choke off many peoples’ best efforts at staying ahead financially. This short essay considers the question of whether inflation or income tax, one versus the other, poses the bigger problem in stunting financial growth. The reason that the result is important is ...Read More

Financial Editorial: Stopping Bank Runs Forever

Problem: Bank Runs, caused by depositor panic, greatly contributed to the sudden collapse of multiple large U.S. banks in 2008.

Suggested Reform: Congress should amend the National Bank Act to prohibit any FDIC member bank from accepting customer deposits that are not either directly insured by the FDIC or indirectly insured through an affliliate bank mechansim, such as the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (CDARS)1. In short, the idea of FDIC member banks accepting and holding any un-insured deposits must be ...Read More

Financial Editorial: One Suggested Reform for Mortgage Banks

housing bubbleProblem: The home value appraisal method known as the comparative sales method represents a significant contributing systemic cause of over-inflated home prices in the United States.

Grossly over-inflated home values have significantly contributed to the national housing debacle [1]. One easy way to gain a scholarly confidence that this assertion is true is to ...Read More

Q & A: Income Tax Credits vs. Deductions

IRSQuestion:  What is the difference between an Income Tax Credit and a Deduction?

Answer:
The quick answer is that the Credit allows you to offset your tax liability on a 1:1 ratio; and the Deduction only provides a fractional benefit against your tax liability.  The fractional benefit that you receive depends on your income tax bracket.  What this means is that if your total federal income tax liability (including withholdings from pay) were otherwise $12,000, then, with a Tax Credit for $1,000, your total tax liability will be reduced to ...Read More

Q & A: Income, Debt, and Housing Ratios

Question: How much should I plan to spend on a mortgage?

Answer:
First and foremost, you must understand that you are obligating a significant portion of your monthly income for many years to come when you decide how much mortgage to take on.  It is imperative that you look to objective guidelines; that is, Warren Buffett has famously quipped that you should never ask your barber whether you need a haircut.  In the same light, you will only torpedo your own finances if you ask your real estate agent, or anyone else who stands to benefit from your decision, how much home you can afford (purchase price) or how much money you should borrow to buy a home.  Following the Buffett quip, anyone who ...Read More

Essay: Volatility and Investment Assets

volatilityPrice volatility is a fact of life when it comes to investment assets. That is, once you decide to purchase investment assets, such as corporate securities (stocks and bonds), pools of securities (mutual funds), or real estate, you must contend with the ups and downs of market forces. The fundamental question, however, is when should a person be concerned about volatility, or major price fluctuations.

The first step in answering the question is to assess whether you are a buyer or a seller of investment assets. For example, if you are a buyer in a real estate market, then ...Read More

Q & A: Financial Health of an Annuity

Question: How can I determine the financial health of an annuity with the XYZ Insurance Co.? I assume that FDIC does not apply.1

Answer:
To answer the last part of your question first, you are correct; the FDIC bank deposit coverage does not apply to annuities purchased through an insurance company. The FDIC strictly provides coverage for deposits in commercial banks.

As a very short digression to explain the most common type of annuity, individuals can purchase an ...Read More

Essay: Tax-Favored Investments

finance booksThe average taxpayer may not be familiar with some of the rules that control the rate of tax on different types of income. You may find that you make better investment decisions when you understand the tax implications of certain choices.

Taxpayers must pay different rates of tax against varying types of income. The least favorable rate of tax is the ordinary rate. The ordinary rate is the highest rate of tax that an individual will pay; the actual amount is ...Read More



Q & A: The Rule of 72

Rule of 72Question: Is there an easy way to figure out how long it takes for an investment to double in value?

Answer:
Many investors use "The Rule of 72" as a very easy mental short-cut to quickly get a gauge of how long a proposed investment would take to double in value. Simply divide 72 by the annual rate of return (expressed as a whole number) that will be realized; and the result is the approximate number of years that it will take for the doubling effect. For example, if a bank C.D. will earn 4% annually, then divide 72 by 4. The result, 18, is the approximate number of years that will elapse before the C.D. will double in value. Alternatively, if ...Read More

Essay: Infrastructure Improvements and Real Estate Investing

This essay is intended to highlight only one key aspect of financially-savvy real estate investing: a targeted areas improvement of its infrastructure. Significantly improved infrastructure is one key marker for the real estate investor to distinguish between sustainable higher home prices and a group of factors that indicate an un-sustainable real estate bubble. The decision whether to invest and when will most likely be affected by the question of whether large gains in real estate prices are sustainable or not. Below is a short list of some of the factors that contribute to long term, sustainable gains in home values. Additionally, there is also a list of the factors that tend to make for unsustainable rise in home prices. Where the second list of factors plays an overwhelmingly dominant role, you can predict ...Read More

Q & A: How much does FDIC really cover?

FDICQuestion: There’s been a lot of news about a few large bank failures and their takeover by the FDIC. Is it possible to have more than $250,000 in one bank and still have all the money insured by the federal government?

Answer: The typical quick answer is that deposits are only insured up to $250,000.1 However, there are some nuances to the rules that actually allow a person to have more than $250,000 deposited in a single bank . . . and he or she may find that all of it is insured by the federal deposit insurance corporation (FDIC) ...Read More

Essay: Savings Bonds and Savings Accounts

Synopsis: The typical savings account, which consists of demand deposits, offers the convenience of immediate withdrawal; however, where on-demand withdrawal of funds is not paramount, U.S. savings bonds, generally, and the Series I Bond, ...Read More

I Bonds

Q & A: U.S. Savings Bonds

Question: What are the benefits of U.S. savings bonds?

Answer:
Although the typical investor may find clear advantages of holding "series I" savings bonds to offset the negative effects of both taxes and inflation, anyone interested in saving for a child’s college expenses may be particularly interested in U.S. savings bonds. The following advantages are specifically meant to be contrasted against what investor/taxpayers do not receive with bank savings accounts (including CDs).

1) Income Tax Advantages (click here for more on this topic):

Taxes may be deferred indefinitely on ...Read More

Essay: Federal Credit Card Protection

Many consumers may not know that when someone else fraudulently uses their credit card, a federal statute protects them against their issuing bank’s attempt to collect on unauthorized charges. To clear some definitions, individual consumers who use credit cards are cardholders; and banks that provide credit cards are card issuers. The federal statute imposes a $50 maximum liability against cardholders when someone else engages in unauthorized use of the holder’s card. Unauthorized use occurs when a person other than the cardholder without actual, implied, or apparent authority (think of most any stranger) uses the card and no benefit is realized by the cardholder.1

If un-authorized charges occur before ...Read More

Q & A: Basic Wealth Building Ideas

Question: What are some quick ideas to ensure wealth building?

Answer:
Here are some very basic ideas that help build wealth every day:

1) Without fail, save an absolute minimum of 10%, and ideally 15% of monthly pre-tax (gross) income.

2) Invest the savings in retirement accounts, an emergency savings account with 4 to 6 months of living expenses (in case of layoff or major medical emergency), and ...Read More

Essay: Exotic Home Loans

Exotic HomeExotic home loans are those loans that do not depend on the fundamental question of a borrowers ability to repay a loan before such a loan will be extended. During 2002-2007 mortgage lenders greatly accelerated a trend that started in the mid-1990s to lend to people who had dubious qualfications for home mortgage borrowing.  This recent steep departure from traditional lending norms was punctuated by the banks looking much, much less to an individual borrower’s ability to repay a loan (which has been a standard for many decades), and instead placing much more emphasis on ...Read More

Q & A: Spend Like a Small Business Owner

Question: I have read somewhere that among America’s millionaires there is a disproportionate number who are small business people. Why is this so?

Answer:
Unlike most top executives of very large corporations, the small business owner (SBO) has his or her own capital at risk in the business’ and it is often the SBO’s life savings at stake. Tom Stanley and William Danko published a financial classic in the mid-1990s, The Millionaire Next Door. Millionaire revealed that approximately two-thirds of non-retired millionaires were SBOs.1 The fact that ...Read More

Essay: One Exotic Mortgage

Website: www.ditech.com

Exotic Mortgage: click here to see the Exotic Mortgage

Important Disclaimer: Ditechs advertisement is not intentionally misleading; it just does not explain the implications to the would-be borrower. The analysis below views the loan offering from the perspective that most consumers may not fully comprehend the implications that underlay what is being offered. Here, the required monthly payment will jump dramatically in the first month of Year 11 on a 30-year loan.

Basics of the Ditech Offer: ...Read More

Essay: Rate of Wealth Building

Question: How Does a Middle Income Earner Get Rich Faster than a High Income Professional?

Answer: The average American household in 2004 saved less than 1 percent of pre-tax income, according to the United States Federal Reserve Board1. You need to fully appreciate what an astonishing figure this is. In the mid-1980s, the average household saved approximately 11 percent of income; that is, only 20 years ago the typical household had a savings rate 10 times better than now.

Among the conclusions drawn from this sobering information is that the average household in the mid-1980s was ...Read More

Essay: Free Credit Reporting is Not Always Free

Synopsis:

www.freecreditreport.com does not offer the federally mandated free annual credit report; it offers a paid subscription that must be timely cancelled before a consumer can receive a free credit report through this domain.

The Web Address: http://www.freecreditreport.com/ (you may have seen the annoying TV ads)                          

Short Essay:

Owner of freecreditreport.com: Consumerinfo.com, Inc.  And the owner of Consumerinfo.com, Inc.? . . .   Experian.   And  Experian is ...Read More

Q & A: Build Financial Power with Well-Managed Credit

Question: Besides saving and investing, what are some other steps that a person can take to build up financial power?

Answer: Some people are born to wealth; and many of those who are born to it take up an inordinate amount of media attention. For the overwhelming majority of Americans however, financial power is not handed out at the dinner table. Your challenge is to make your own financial power, even if you have to do so incrementally.

The discussion below is not meant to encourage anyone to take out loans or otherwise seek out debt via credit cards. However, for those people who do borrow, the items demonstrate some of the better approaches to take when ...Read More

Essay: Traditional Conventional Home Loans

Commercial banks, private, and semi-private institutional investors provide the great bulk of conventional mortgage loan proceeds in the United States. Subsequent essays will address such governmental mortgage lending as that sponsored by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or the Veteran’s Administration (VA).

If a mortgage borrower can provide 20% of a home’s purchase price as a down-payment, then conventional lending represents the cheapest way, dollar-for-dollar, for a person to obtain a home loan, while also providing the best basis for building equity in a home2. The indispensable key to the least expensive lending is ...Read More

Q & A: Calculating Compounding Interest

Compound InterestQuestion: I’m trying to figure out by how much my 401k will grow over time, or for that matter even the exact amount to expect from a bank CD that I’m thinking about buying. Any easy ways to figure this out?

Answer:
If you want to see an excellent site that provides calculators to help answer your questions, check out www.moneychimp.com. To answer your questions directly, we’ll use a couple of hypothetical examples. You can change the inputs accordingly.

Please click here to follow along with MoneyChimp’s financial calculator.

To answer your questions, your ...Read More

Essay: A Hybrid Retirement Account: the Roth 401k

Quick Summary: A Roth 401k combines tax-free withdrawals and lack of mandatory distributions found in the Roth IRA with the higher contribution limits ($15,500) and lack of high income prohibitions found in the traditional 401k qualified retirement plans.

Although it has been available since January 2006, comparatively few ...Read More

Essay: All Bank Interest is Not Created Equal

A June 2008 edition of the Washington Post recently provided an excellent opportunity to compare and contrast the significant differences between two banks’ invitations for individuals to deposit money. As the point of this article is to get readers to comprehend just how critical the fine print can be in advertising (rather than to evaluate a particular bank’s advertising practices), the two banks will be called Bank #1 and Bank #2.

Bank #1s Ad:

Bank #1 offers a ...Read More

Q & A: Establishing Credit

Question: How can young adults establish a very strong credit record?

Answer: Multiple factors comprise a credit score. Payment history is an important one; however, the length of time that an account has been open, total amount of debt owed, the total number of credit accounts that are open, the amount of available credit, the length of time with the same employer, are some of the other factors that can help or hurt a credit score.

Here are some of the ways that people cripple their credit:

• Late 30 days or more on a bill; the longer a person is delinquent, the worse the score gets. That is, 60 days late is worse than ...Read More

Essay: Finding Yourself Financially Upside Down

bankruptcyInsolvency:  According to Black’s Law Dictionary, the definition of insolvency is "Such a relative condition of … assets and liabilities that the former, if all made immediately available, would not be sufficient to discharge the latter."

Cutting through the arcane language, Black’s definition of insolvency (financially upside down) simply means that a person is effectively bankrupt (declared or undeclared) if he or she cannot pay off all debts owed, even if all assets owned were liquidated.  That is, you may own a ...Read More

Q & A: Upper Middle Income Taxes

Question: How are my taxes affected, depending on where I live in the U.S.?

Answer:
Imagine that a couple earns $65,000 per year. Are they middle-income? If they live in Kansas City, Missouri, then they would earn fully 40 percent above middle income for that area. Alternatively, if the couple lived in Alexandria, Virginia, then they would earn fully 30 percent below middle income. In an exceptionally odd twist of fate, Congress, through the auspices of the U.S. Tax Code, implicitly treats all taxpayers as if they live in the same metropolitan area; and therefore, the cost of living is treated as the same for ...Read More

Essay: Return on Investment and the Implications of Leverage

Growth in purchasing power of every dollar that you hold is indispensable to your wealth-building. The growth of investment assets, over and above the growth necessary to offset the negative effects of inflation and income taxes, is the key to wealth enhancement. That said, it is essential that you optimize your investment capital (dollars set aside for investment); however, you cannot optimize your capital allocation, unless you comprehend return on investment.

Calculating Return on Investment (ROI)

Return on investment (ROI) is ...Read More

Essay: Credit Card-based Disputes

Many consumers may not know that a federal law protects them, via their credit card company, when dealing with dishonest or otherwise disreputable vendors. Specifically, 15 U.S.C. (U.S. Code) section 1666i allows consumers to request their credit card issuers to reverse a charge against offending vendors of goods and services, under specified circumstances.

An aggrieved consumer must meet certain requirements before seeking a reversal of a charge. The requirements are:

a. the Consumer must have made a ...Read More

Q & A: Home Deal Killers

Question: What are some physical defects that can seriously undermine the purchase of a home?

Answer:
Certain physical defects can be considered as absolute deal killers, unless you have very specific knowledge and proven expertise in remedying these issues:

-- signs of mold. Mold is one of the select few things that can render a home 100 percent uninhabitable. Mold spores most often show up in very humid climates and in dark places. So, for many unsuspecting home buyers, mold may be lurking in the basement of a house. As most know...Read More

Essay: Dollar Cost Averaging

Typically, changes in the money value of your retirement plan’s mutual funds resemble a roller-coaster when tracked on a short-term basis. Contrary to public opinion, price fluctuations, sometimes of great magnitude, are not ...Read More

Q & A: Building Home Equity

Question: Do people waste their time saving for a down payment when they are paying rent in the meantime?

Answer: Certain implied assumptions are built into this kind of question. Some of those assumptions are:

1. Housing values in the zip code where you want to purchase are rising.

2. You lose money by paying rent…

3. The advantage of a lower interest rate (obtained because you have a full 20% down-payment) is...Read More

Essay: The Reverse Mortgage

A reverse mortgage (sometimes a “conversion mortgage”) is an odd bird: it pays you, instead of you paying on it. The trick is found in that a bank funds the process and expects to be repaid, once you and your spouse both kick-the-bucket (expire). The single most important thing for you to understand about a reverse mortgage is that you receive a stream of money, tax-free, after you have reached age 62 – and it is your home that is on the hook with the bank… not you. The reverse mortgage rules ensure that ...Read More

Q & A: Gaining Wealth

Question: How does a regular person gain wealth? I don’t make nearly enough money to get rich.

Answer:
The first step is to decide that no co-worker, acquaintance, friend, or relative is worth impressing with material articles. (Feel free to impress them with your sense of humor, or giant heart). This means that if you have the wherewithal to conscientiously reject "material status", then you can find ways to cut spending. Although there are many ways to cut spending, some that may help immediately are: buy discount clothes, discount coffee, discount cars, and a discount home. With no one to impress with material objects, you can ...Read More

Essay: Three Critical Qualifiers for a Mortgage

mortgageIntroduction

When a mortgage borrower has at least 20 percent of a purchase price to give as a down-payment, he or she may qualify for the cheapest mortgage rates available in the world market. Conventional mortgage lenders use three central criteria in making a lending decision: debt-to-income ratios, your credit score, and financial assets you hold in reserve ...Read More

Q & A: Savings Rates

Count Down to RetirementQuestion: "How much money should I be saving to invest"?

Answer:
It is generally recognized that people should be saving at least 10 percent of gross income for the purpose of investing. Gross income is "pre-tax"; whereas Net income is "after tax". If you want to live a truly financially-secure existence, then saving 15 percent of gross income is the better goal. These numbers are premised upon the idea that the savings rate is maintained year after year over a period of at least 25 years. If you save 16 percent for ...Read More

Essay: The Scourge of Taxes and Inflation

If you ignore the continually debilitating effects of taxes and inflation on your financial goals, then you may be doomed to wallow in permanently lower purchasing power. These factors hurt you financially, whether or not you think of yourself as an investor. Even if you simply keep a small amount of your excess income in a savings account, you cannot escape the plight that haunts every serious investor.

In his 1979 letter to the shareholders of the Berkshire Hathaway corporation, Warren Buffett wryly noted that ...Read More

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